Embryonic dormancy in seeds of Bactris gasipaes Kunth (peach-palm)

Bactris gasipaes is a domesticated palm whose fruits are of great importance for the Amazonian people and whose heart of palm is also receiving economic interest in other brazilian and Latin America regions. The aim of this study was verify embryonic dormancy and its correlation with first cataphyll emergence in B. gasipaes seeds collected from four plants at Manaus city and four others at Coari city, both in the Amazonas state, Brazil. After extraction and cleaning, some of the seeds (4 replications of 25 per plant) were sown in a seedbed with a sawdust and sand mixture as substrate, and embryos (4 replications of 10 per plant), after extraction, were inoculated into half strength Murashige and Skoog cultures. Were used 100 seeds and 40 embryo per treatment. Whole seed and embryo germination varied between the different source plants and locations, with the greatest difference observed for the emergence of first cataphyll from seeds in the seedbed. For the most part of variables, results of seed and embryo were positively associated, namely, as one went up the other also, and vice versa. These results suggesting that, at least in part, seed dormancy in Bactris gasipaes is associated with embryonic dormancy. © 2017, Associacao Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes. All rights reserved

Antagonismo in vitro de Trichoderma spp. a Verticillium dahliae KLEB.

O presente trabalho visou testar e selecionar isolados selvagens de Trichoderma spp. quanto a capacidade antagonica ao fungo fitopatogenico Verticillium dahliae. Os ensaios in vitro consistiram de testes para avaliar a capacidade hiperparasitica e de antibiose atraves de producao de metabolitos volateis e nao volateis. Pela tecnica de culturas pareadas, 47 isolados de diversas especies de Trichoderma foram avaliados e, pelos resultados obtidos, 20 foram selecionados. Atraves do teste de antibiose, selecionaram-se 7 isolados: T15P e Tal-1 (T. viride), TW6 e CNP311A (T. koningii), CNP17 e TCII (T. harzianum) e Tal-10 (T. aureoviride) os quais inibiram completamente o crescimento micelial de V. dahliae atraves da producao de metabolitos. Observacoes microscopicas demonstraram interacoes de hifas entre Trichoderma sp. e V. dahliae, tais como: enrolamento, crescimento paralelo de ambos, formacao de ganchos

Multiplicação in vitro de gemas axilares de acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) In vitro multiplication of black watlle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) axillary buds

A acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) é uma espécie de difícil micropropagação devido à pequena capacidade de multiplicação e desenvolvimento de gemas. O presente estudo visou determinar a influência de diferentes citocininas na proliferação de gemas axilares em segmentos nodais de A. mearnsii. Plântulas germinadas in vitro forneceram explantes que foram inoculadas em meio básico B5 (GAMBORG et al., 1968). Testaram-se as citocininas: BAP (6-benzilaminopurina), BA (6-benziladenosina), 2iP (gama,gama-isopenteniladenina) e cinetina (6-furfuralamino-purina). Diferentes concentrações desses reguladores de crescimento foram empregadas: 1 mgL-1, 2 mgL-1 e 3 mgL-1. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial, com seis repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. As avaliações foram feitas aos 30 dias, através da contagem de gemas alongadas e da presença de calos. A utilização de BAP a 2 mgL-1 promoveu a maior taxa de multiplicação de gemas (3,5 brotos/explante).<br>Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii de Wild.) is difficult to micropropagate due to the low ability of multiplication and development of shoots. Thus, the present study aimed at determining the influence of various cytokinins on axillary bud proliferation in nodal segments of A. mearnsii. Explants from in vitro germinated seedlings were inoculated on B5 (Gamborg et al., 1968) basal medium. BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), BA (6-benzyladenine), 2iP (gamma,gamma-dimethylallylamino-purine) and Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) were tested at the concentrations 1 mgL-1, 2 mgL-1, and 3 mgL-1. A randomized block design, in factorial arrangement with 6 replications, and 5 plants per plot was used. The assessments were made after 30 days, by counting the elongated shoots and the presence of callus. The use of BAP at 2 mgL-1 promoted the highest rate of bud multiplication (3,5 shoots/explant)